stem cell treatment for diabetes type 2 cost

Another component of the pathobiology is widespread microvascular disease, which leads to many of the clinical manifestations and complications accompanying T2DM, including limb ischaemia and ulcers, retinal damage, impotence, neuropathies, nephropathies, and cardiovascular and cerebral-vascular diseases. More importantly, a dysfunction of the insulin receptors ensues, leading to peripheral insulin resistance. The pathology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combines an inflammatory–autoimmune microenvironment affecting the insulin-production units, which become unresponsive to demand. The pancreatic islets of Langerhans are tiny clusters of cells scattered throughout the pancreas consisting of several groups of specialised cells, including insulin-producing beta cells. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) estimates that roughly 9.3% of the American population is diabetic with about 2–3-times as many possibly having pre-diabetes. The cost of diabetes care is estimated at $673 billion per year. Another 318 million adults are estimated to have pre-diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that in 2015, there were 415 million diabetic adults aged 20–79 years worldwide, including 193 million undiagnosed subjects. Its incidence is on the rise, fuelled by our digital lifestyle and the growing endemic of obesity. 1,2ĭiabetes has become a major endemic problem around the world with a very expensive price tag. As a result, data that were felt to provide overly weak evidence, lack the proper statistical weight, and be poorly designed and executed, inundated the scientific arena and split the scientific community for and against stem cell research. The biggest hurdle was the challenge to the scientific method, which served us well for >200 years however, questions have arisen regarding its adaptability to new clinical research requirements. Along that evolving field, the regulatory authorities proceeded shyly.

The promise of taking off-the-shelf cells or even body parts, making better targeted pharmaceutical agents, and even defying death, all fired our imagination. The dream was that we might be able to repair almost any malfunction inflicting our bodies. Over the past decade, the potential of stem cells has been explored with amazement, myths, and many more questions than answers.

Stem cell treatment for diabetes type 2 cost